ROCm

ROCm is AMD’s answer to CUDA: the drivers, libraries and compilers that let AI frameworks run on AMD Instinct accelerators instead of Nvidia GPUs. Unlike CUDA it is open source, which matters to labs that dislike depending on one vendor’s closed toolchain.

Its credibility problem has always been practical rather than technical. Researchers want proof that serious work actually trains end to end on AMD hardware, which is why AMD keeps publishing models trained entirely on its own chips with the full recipe attached.